What is the function of safety stops in cavern diving?

Safety stops in cavern diving primarily serve the important purpose of allowing divers time to off-gas nitrogen safely as they ascend. As divers descend, they absorb nitrogen from the breathing gas under pressure. During ascent, if they rise too quickly, the nitrogen can form bubbles in the bloodstream and tissues, potentially leading to decompression sickness, commonly known as "the bends."

By incorporating safety stops, typically at depths of around 15-20 feet for a duration of about three to five minutes, divers give their bodies time to equilibrate and release the excess nitrogen that has been absorbed. This slowing down of ascent provides a critical safety margin, allowing for a controlled and safe rise to the surface.

While other options present valid aspects of diving procedures, such as checking equipment or providing rest breaks, they do not capture the primary and critical function of safety stops, which is focused on preventing nitrogen-related hazards during ascent.