How does the temperature in a cavern typically compare with open water?

The temperature in a cavern is generally cooler due to geological conditions. This occurs because caverns are often formed in limestone or other geological formations that create a more stable thermal environment compared to the surrounding open water. The water in caverns tends to be insulated by the thick layers of rock, which limits exposure to atmospheric temperature changes. As a result, the temperature remains relatively consistent year-round, often being cooler than the ambient temperature in the surrounding open water.

Open water bodies, such as lakes or oceans, are more directly influenced by weather patterns, solar radiation, and surface temperature fluctuations, whereas the subterranean environment of a cavern maintains a more stable and cooler thermal profile. The unique conditions within a cavern, including limited sunlight and the natural insulation of the rock formations, contribute to this cooler temperature characteristic.